Embedded systems like KIWIBoards play a vital role in our daily lives, as they are the core of the applications we rely on for various tasks. However, because these compact systems work tirelessly, they are susceptible to one major challenge: overheating. The implications of this issue are far-reaching, as excessive heat in the critical components lead to performance degradation, system instability, and reduction in the lifespan.  To address this, we can leverage of the heatsinks. However, these thermal dissipation devices encounter their own set of conditions. If they do not fit perfectly, may cause less efficient cooling and potential stress on the system. No doubt choosing the right cooling solutions is essential to ensure the continued efficiency and reliability of our KIWIBoards, so let's explore the thermal technology that the KIWIBoards’ heatsinks are made of and discover the most effective ways to keep our devices running even in harsh environments.

What is a heatsink?

Generally speaking, heatsinks are used for anything that is hot, but shouldn't be. In other words, any equipment or device with a heat source, be it mechanical, electrical, chemical or nuclear, needs heat dissipation to protect the entire system and our KIWIBoards are no exception.

KIWIBoard attached to the heatsink

How does a heatsink work in the KIWIBoards?

The mechanism by which the KIWIBoards heatsink works is closely related to thermal conduction.

Conduction plays a crucial role in heat dissipation. It is one of the primary mechanisms by which the heatsink conducts heat away from the heat source-CPU and transfers it to the fins, to finally dissipate it into the surrounding air through convection.

Have you ever thought why KIWIBoards heatsink has such a particular shape?

Well, the fins in the heatsink serve a specific purpose related to maximizing heat dissipation. These fins are not randomly shaped or positioned but are carefully designed to enhance the cooling performance of this thermal dissipator.

It is worth mentioning, the heatsinks performance is also determined by other factors including:

• the velocity of the coolant fluid
• the thermal conductivity of the material
• the thermal interface material
• the attachment method

Which is the best material for the heatsink of my KIWIBoard?

Heatsinks are usually made of a highly conductive material that should quickly absorb excessive heat and then dissipate it to the surrounding air.

Referring to the below table for comparing different values of the coefficient of thermal conductivity. Although Silver and Copper show excellent features, Aluminium tends to be the most cost-friendly option. Thus, KIWIBoards are equipped with a default heatsink made of this material.

Source: LINK for table

How is the temperature distributed in the heatsink of my KIWI310?

Experimental testing is a commonly preferred method of evaluating the thermal performance of a heatsink. You can refer to our previous post where we used this empirical method to measure the KIWI310's heatsink surface temperature. https://KIWI310.codepulse.tw/article/47

Let's corroborate this information by doing a computer-assisted simulation for the KIWI310. Basically, the result of the thermal analysis will show the behaviour of the temperature to the areas close to the critical electronic components like the CPU, transformer, LPDRR4 and eMMC.  

 In a simplified model, the CPU is highest heat source producer in the system.

Simplified model of the KIWI310 with CPU and heatsink

The detailed results are shown in the figure below for the KIW310 working under 60°C ambient temperature. Clearly, the heat dissipated from the CPU is evenly distributed throughout the heatsink. This is in part, because the Aluminium has a high thermal conductivity in a range of 204-209 W/(m².K).

Results of ambient temperature 60°C

Additionally, it can be observed that the temperature close to the eMMC, LPDRR4, and the transformer areas are under safe value limits described in their datasheets. With these results we ensure all the elements in the KIWI310 are provided with optimal conditions for their correct functionality.

Compilation of results under different temperature conditions

Customized or commercial heatsink for my KIWIBoard?

Unlike commercial heatsinks that follow a one-size-fits-all approach, our tailored heatsink addresses the unique needs of every model of KIWIBoards, making it the preferred choice for reliable and efficient heat management for your project.

Below are just a few examples of customized heatsinks installed on our Axiomtek platforms. This highlights how Axiomtek, leveraging its extensive industry experience, expertise in integration, and strong R&D resources, has the ability to transform ideas into practical solutions, effectively closing the gap between concepts and reality. Through these strengths, Axiomtek facilitates the successful execution of design, manufacturing service (DMS) processes, and projects, enabling you to achieve your goals with confidence.

Customized heatsinks installed Axiomtek platforms

For more product information, any technical support or quotation, please refer to the Axiomtek Taiwan website www.axiomtek.com.tw. You can write to twmarketing@axiomtek.com.tw and contact AIXON regional business to obtain exclusive and efficient services. Axiomtek also provides comprehensive customization services, welcome manufacturers who are interested in ODM/OEM to contact us.

About Axiomtek

Axiomtek Co.Ltd. is an international industrial computer (Industrial PC; IPC) series of products leading designer and manufacturer, specializing  in data acquisition and control system research start, has a strong R & D and manufacturing team, based on advanced embedded R & D technology, as well as PC-based industrial automation solutions, to develop diversified and modular application computer platforms and systems, intelligent rail transit special platforms, touch tablet computers, communication products and Internet of Things related application platforms, etc., becoming the most trusted long-term supplier partner in diversified industries.